The coal preparation industry in China is rapidly expanding, with over 2,200 plants and a capacity of 2.6 billion tons. This growth demands advanced machinery, and traditional metal screens are increasingly being replaced by superior polyurethane screens. This article details the compelling advantages that make polyurethane the new industry standard. Key benefits include an exceptionally long service life—8-10 times longer than metal screens—due to incredible wear resistance and high load-bearing capacity. Their unique properties prevent screen clogging and enhance screening efficiency, especially with moist, fine materials. Polyurethane screens also operate with significantly lower noise, improving the work environment, and offer substantial economic benefits despite a higher initial cost. Their versatility extends beyond coal to metallurgy, hydropower, and building materials, making them a critical component in modern material screening and grading operations.